Restoration+and+18th+Century+Art+and+Music


 * Karoon M.

[|Restoration and 18th Century Art and Music]**

The four art movements of the 18th-century include:
 * 18th Century Art**
 * [|Late Baroque] – Born in Italy and later picked up in France, this movement emphasized dramatic effects and elaborate ornamentation. Baroque art represented everyday life in a realistic manner.



Baroque artists
- Michelangelo Merisi-Caravaggio - Artemisia Gentilesci - Claude Lorain - Nicolas Poussin - George de La Tour - Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazquez - Sir Anthony Van Dyck - Peter Paul Rubens - Jan Brueghel - Rembrandt van Rijn - Jan Vermeer - Frans Hals - Judith Leyster - Jacob van Ruisdael - Rachel Ruysch


 * **[|Rococo]** – An extension of Baroque art that started in France, this movement is characterized by elaborate ornamentation and lightness of expression. This movement is less formal and strict in methodology than the Baroque movement, focusing more on the light and charming aspects of any work of art.

Rococo artists
- Antoine Watteau - Jean-Honore Fragonard - Thomas Gainsborough - Sir Joshua Reynolds


 * **[|Neo-Classicism]** – Initiated by the French, this movement was a reaction to Baroque art. It emphasized the revival of ancient Greek and Roman ideals and art.



Neo-Classical artists
- Nicolas Poussin - Jean-Antoine Houdon - Jacques-Louis David - Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres


 * **[|Romanticism]** – Starting as an intellectual movement and a revolt against the values of society, this movement focused on the feelings, ideals, and beliefs of the artist. Artists began to focus more on expression, mood, and feelings rather than the subject or topic of their works. Formality and tradition were replaced with curiosity and human nature.



Romanticism artists
- Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres - Eugene Delacroix - Theodore Gericault - Jacque-Louis David - Marie-Louise-Elisabeth-Vigee-Lebrun - Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux - Joseph Mallord William Turner - William Hogarth - William Blake - Thomas Gainsborough - Sir Joshua Reynolds - John Constable - John Singleton Copley - Gilbert Stuart - John James Audubon - Thomas Cole - George Caleb Bingham - George Inness


 * 18th Century Music**

[|18th-century music] focused primarily on the development of the orchestra. The change came about with composer and conductor Johann Stamitz (1717-1757) of Mannheim, Germany. This style of music took much influence from the early Baroque homophonic style and added many new elements of music such as changes in dynamics and tempo within movements. Sonatas, String quartets, and orchestral symphonies became the basis of Classical music. - Franz Joseph Haydn - Ludwig van Beethoven - Christoph Willibald von Gluck - Franz Schubert
 * Classical Musicians** - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart


 * Questions**

1. [|In what country did the Baroque movement begin?]

2. [|What was the main difference between Rococo and Baroque art?]

3. [|Neo-Classicism emphasized the revival of what cultures?]

4. [|What was the main focus of Romanticism?]

5. [|What composer and conductor began to develop the orchestra in the 18th century?]